GQL Essentials Bibliography
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GQL Essentials

Bibliography

Abiteboul, Serge, Quass, Dallan, McHugh, Jason, Widom, Jennifer, and Wiener, Janet L. (1997). “The Lorel query language for semistructured data.” In: International Journal on Digital Libraries 1.1, pp. 68–88. DOI: 10.1007/s007990050005.

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Angles, Renzo (2012). “A comparison of current graph database models.” In: 2012 IEEE 28th International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops. IEEE, pp. 171–177.

Angles, Renzo, Arenas, Marcelo, Barceló, Pablo, Hogan, Aidan, Reutter, Juan L., and Vrgoč, Domagoj (2017). “Foundations of modern query languages for graph databases.” In: ACM Computing Surveys 50.5, 68:1–68:40. DOI: 10.1145/3104031.

Angles, Renzo (2018). “The property graph database model.” In: Proceedings of the 12th Alberto Mendelzon International Workshop on Foundations of Data Management. Ed. by Dan Olteanu and Barbara Poblete. Vol. 2100. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. CEUR-WS.org, pp. 1–10. url: https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2100/paper26.pdf.

Angles, Renzo, Thakkar, Harsh, and Tomaszuk, Dominik (2020). “Mapping RDF databases to property graph databases.” In: IEEE Access 8, pp. 86091–86110. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2993117.

Angles, Renzo, Bonifati, Angela, Dumbrava, Stefania, Fletcher, George, Hare, Keith W., Hidders, Jan, Lee, Victor E., Li, Bei, Libkin, Leonid, Martens, Wim, Murlak, Filip, Perryman, Josh, Savković, Ognjen, Schmidt, Michael, Sequeda, Juan, Staworko, Slawek, and Tomaszuk, Dominik (2021). “PG-Keys: keys for property graphs.” In: Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Management of Data. SIGMOD ’21. Virtual Event, China: Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 2423–2436. DOI: 10.1145/3448016.3457561.

Angles, Renzo, Bonifati, Angela, Dumbrava, Stefania, Fletcher, George, Green, Alastair, Hidders, Jan, Li, Bei, Libkin, Leonid, Marsault, Victor, Martens, Wim, Murlak, Filip, Plantikow, Stefan, Savković, Ognjen, Schmidt, Michael, Sequeda, Juan, Staworko, Slawek, Tomaszuk, Dominik, Voigt, Hannes, Vrgoč, Domagoj, Wu, Mingxi, and Zivkovic, Dusan (June 2023). “PG-Schema: schemas for property graphs.” In: Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data 1.2, Article 198. DOI: 10.1145/3589778.

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Arenas, Marcelo, Libkin, Leonid, and Martens, Wim (2026). A compositional language for property graphs. arXiv: 2606.23399 [cs.DB].

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Barceló, Pablo (2013). “Querying graph databases.” In: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (PODS ’13). New York, NY, USA: ACM, pp. 175–188. DOI: 10.1145/2463664.2465216.

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Bizer, Christian, Cyganiak, Richard, Gauss, Tobias, and Maresch, Oliver (2005). “The TriQL.P browser: filtering information using context-, content- and rating-based trust policies.” In: Proceedings of the Semantic Web and Policy Workshop at the 4th International Semantic Web Conference. Vol. 7, pp. 12–20.

Blakeley, José A., Thompson, Craig W., and Alashqur, Abdallah M. (1991). “Strawman reference model for object query languages.” In: Computer Standards & Interfaces 13.1–3, pp. 185–199. DOI: 10. 1016/0920-5489(91)90026-V.

Bonifati, Angela, Dumbrava, Stefania, and Gallego Arias, Emilio Jesús (2018). “Certified graph view maintenance with regular Datalog.” In: Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 18.3–4, pp. 372–389. DOI: 10.1017/S1471068418000224.

Bonifati, Angela, Furniss, Peter, Green, Alastair, Harmer, Russ, Oshurko, Eugenia, and Voigt, Hannes (2019). “Schema validation and evolution for graph databases.” In: Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER). LNCS. Springer, pp. 448–456. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33223-5_37.

Bonifati, Angela, Dumbrava, Stefania-Gabriela, Martinez, Emile, Ghasemi, Fatemeh, Jaffré, Malo, Luton, Pacome, and Pickles, Thomas (2022). “DiscoPG: property graph schema discovery and exploration.” In: Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 15.12, pp. 3654–3657. DOI: 10.14778/3554821.3554867.

Bonifati, Angela, Murlak, Filip, and Ramusat, Yann (2024). “Transforming property graphs.” In: Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 17.11, pp. 2906–2918. DOI: 10.14778/3681954.368197 2.

Bonifati, Angela (2025). “Versatile property graph transformations.” In: Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 18.12, pp. 5516–5526.

Botoeva, Elena, Calvanese, Diego, Cogrel, Benjamin, and Xiao, Guohui (2018). “Expressivity and complexity of MongoDB queries.” In: 21st International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 2018). Schloss-Dagstuhl-Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik.

Broekstra, Jeen and Kampman, Arjohn (2003). “SeRQL: a second generation RDF query language.” In: Proc. SWAD-Europe Workshop on Semantic Web Storage and Retrieval. Citeseer, pp. 13–14.

Brown, Martin C. (2012). Getting started with Couchbase server. O’Reilly Media, Inc.

Bruyat, Julian, Champin, Pierre-Antoine, Médini, Lionel, and Laforest, Frédérique (2024). “PRSC: from PG to RDF and back, using schemas.” In: Semantic Web. DOI: 10.3233/SW-243675.

Buneman, Peter, Fernandez, Mary, and Suciu, Dan (2000). “UnQL: a query language and algebra for semistructured data based on structural recursion.” In: The VLDB Journal 9.1, pp. 76–110. DOI: 10.1007/s007780050084.

Carroll, Jeremy and Klyne, Graham (Feb. 2004). Resource description framework (RDF): concepts and abstract syntax. W3C Recommendation. W3C. url: https://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-concepts-20040210/.

Cattell, R. G. G., Barry, Douglas K., Berler, Mark, Eastman, Jeff, Jordan, David, Russell, Craig, Schadow, Olaf, Stanienda, Torsten, and Velez, Fernando, eds. (2000). The object data standard: ODMG 3.0. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann.

Chen, Peter P. (1976). “The entity-relationship model – toward a unified view of data.” In: ACM Transactions on Database Systems 1.1, pp. 9–36.

Ciszewski, Jacek, Kłos, Jakub, Jakubowski, Maxime, Tomaszuk, Dominik, and Murlak, Filip (2026). Validation of graph databases against PG-Schema. arXiv: 2606.06127 [cs.DB].

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Consens, Mariano P. and Mendelzon, Alberto O. (1990). “GraphLog: a visual formalism for real life recursion.” In: Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems, pp. 404–416.

Cruz, Isabel F., Mendelzon, Alberto O., and Wood, Peter T. (1987). “A graphical query language supporting recursion.” In: ACM SIGMOD Record 16.3, pp. 323–330.

Da Silva, Maxwell Dayvson and Tavares, Hugo Lopes (2015). Redis essentials. Packt Publishing Ltd.

Deutsch, Alin, Francis, Nadime, Green, Alastair, Hare, Keith, Li, Bei, Libkin, Leonid, Lindaaker, Tobias, Marsault, Victor, Martens, Wim, Michels, Jan, Murlak, Filip, Plantikow, Stefan, Selmer, Petra, Rest, Oskar van, Voigt, Hannes, Vrgoč, Domagoj, Wu, Mingxi, and Zemke, Fred (2022). “Graph pattern matching in GQL and SQL/PGQ.” In: Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Management of Data. SIGMOD ’22. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 2246–2258. DOI: 10. 1145/3514221.3526057.

Dyck, Michael, Spiegel, Josh, and Robie, Jonathan (Mar. 2017). XQuery 3.1: an XML query language. W3C Recommendation. W3C. url: https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/REC-xquery-31-20170321/.

Elmasri, Ramez and Navathe, Shamkant B. (2015). Fundamentals of database systems (7th edition). Pearson.

Fan, Wenfei and Lu, Ping (Feb. 2019). “Dependencies for graphs.” In: ACM Transactions on Database Systems 44.2, Article 5. DOI: 10.1145/3287285.

Figueira, Diego, Lin, Anthony W., and Peterfreund, Liat (2025). Complexity of evaluating GQL queries. arXiv: 2407.06766 [cs.DB]. url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.06766.

Fowler, Martin (2003). UML distilled: a brief guide to the standard object modeling language. 3rd ed. USA: Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.

Francis, Nadime, Green, Alastair, Guagliardo, Paolo, Libkin, Leonid, Lindaaker, Tobias, Marsault, Victor, Plantikow, Stefan, Rydberg, Mats, Selmer, Petra, and Taylor, Andrés (2018). “Cypher: an evolving query language for property graphs.” In: Proceedings of the 2018 international conference on management of data, pp. 1433–1445. DOI: 10.1145/3183713.3190657.

Francis, Nadime, Gheerbrant, Amélie, Guagliardo, Paolo, Libkin, Leonid, Marsault, Victor, Martens, Wim, Murlak, Filip, Peterfreund, Liat, Rogova, Alexandra, and Vrgoč, Domagoj (2023a). “A researcher’s digest of GQL (invited talk).” In: 26th International Conference on Database Theory, ICDT 2023, March 28–31, 2023, Ioannina, Greece. Ed. by Floris Geerts and Brecht Vandevoort. Vol. 255. LIPIcs. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 1:1–1:22. DOI: 10.4230/ LIPICS.ICDT.2023.1.

Francis, Nadime, Gheerbrant, Amélie, Guagliardo, Paolo, Libkin, Leonid, Marsault, Victor, Martens, Wim, Murlak, Filip, Peterfreund, Liat, Rogova, Alexandra, and Vrgoč, Domagoj (2023b). “GPC: a pattern calculus for property graphs.” In: Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGAI Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, pp. 241–250. DOI: 10.1145/3584372.3588662.

Gheerbrant, Amélie, Libkin, Leonid, Peterfreund, Liat, and Rogova, Alexandra (2025a). “Database theory in action: Cypher, GQL, and regular path queries.” In: 28th International Conference on Database Theory, ICDT 2025, March 25–28, 2025, Barcelona, Spain. Ed. by Sudeepa Roy and Ahmet Kara. Vol. 328. LIPIcs. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 36:1–36:5. DOI: 10.4230/LIPICS. ICDT.2025.36.

Gheerbrant, Amélie, Libkin, Leonid, Peterfreund, Liat, and Rogova, Alexandra (Feb. 2025b). “GQL and SQL/PGQ: theoretical models and expressive power.” In: Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 18.6, pp. 1798–1810. DOI: 10.14778/3725688.3725707.

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Gössner, Stefan, Normington, Glyn, and Bormann, Carsten (Feb. 2024). JSONPath: Query Expressions for JSON. Tech. rep. 9535. IETF. 62 pp. DOI: 10 . 17487 / RFC9535. url: https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9535.

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Gutiérrez-Basulto, Vı´ctor, Gutowski, Albert, Ibáñez-Garcı´a, Yazmı´n A., and Murlak, Filip (2024). “Containment of graph queries modulo schema.” In: Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data 2.2, 77:1–77:26. DOI: 10.1145/3651140.

Güting, Ralf Hartmut (1994). “GraphDB: modeling and querying graphs in databases.” In: VLDB. Vol. 94. Citeseer, pp. 12–15.

Gyssens, Marc, Paredaens, Jan, and Van Gucht, Dirk (1990). “A graph-oriented object model for database end-user interfaces.” In: Proceedings of the 1990 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data, pp. 24–33. DOI: 10.1145/93597.93616.

Hamilton, William L., Ying, Rex, and Leskovec, Jure (2017). “Representation learning on graphs: methods and applications.” In: IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin 40.3, pp. 52–74. url: http://sites.computer.org/debull/A17sept/p52.pdf.

Han, Soonbo and Ives, Zachary G. (May 2024). “Implementation strategies for views over property graphs.” In: Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data 2.3, Article 146. DOI: 10.1145/3654949.

Han, Soonbo and Ives, Zachary G. (Apr. 2025). “Implementing views for property graphs.” In: ACM SIGMOD Record 54.1, pp. 59–68. DOI: 10.1145/3733620.3733633.

Harris, Steven and Seaborne, Andy (Mar. 2013). SPARQL 1.1 query language. W3C Recommendation. W3C. url: https://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-sparql11-query-20130321/.

Hendler, James, Lassila, Ora, and Berners-Lee, Tim (2001). “The semantic web.” In: Scientific American 284.5, pp. 34–43.

Hidders, Jan and Murlak, Filip (2026). “Schemas for graph data.” In: ACM SIGMOD Record 55.2, pp. 7–22.

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International Organization for Standardization (June 2023). ISO/IEC 9075-16:2023 Information technology – Database languages SQL – Part 16: Property Graph Queries (SQL/PGQ). Standard. Geneva, CH: International Organization for Standardization.

International Organization for Standardization (Apr. 2024). ISO/IEC 39075:2024 Information technology – Database languages – GQL. Standard. Geneva, CH: International Organization for Standardization.

ISO/IEC (2016). Information technology — Database languages — SQL — Part 2: Foundation (SQL/Foundation). Standard ISO/IEC 9075-2:2016. SQL:2016. ISO/IEC.

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ISO/IEC (2023b). Information technology — Database languages — SQL — Part 2: Foundation (SQL/Foundation). Standard ISO/IEC 9075-2:2023. ISO/IEC.

ISO/IEC (2024). Information technology — Database languages — GQL. Standard ISO/IEC 39075:2024. ISO/IEC.

Karvounarakis, Gregory, Alexaki, Sofia, Christophides, Vassilis, Plexousakis, Dimitris, and Scholl, Michel (2002). “RQL: a declarative query language for RDF.” In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 592–603.

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Kondylakis, Haridimos, Dumbrava, Stefania, Lissandrini, Matteo, Yakovets, Nikolay, Bonifati, Angela, Efthymiou, Vasilis, Fletcher, George, Plexousakis, Dimitris, Tommasini, Riccardo, Troullinou, Georgia, and Ymeralli, Elisjana (Aug. 2025). “Property graph standards: state of the art & open challenges.” In: Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 18.12, pp. 5477–5481. DOI: 10.14778/3750601. 3750698.

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Lbath, Hanâ, Bonifati, Angela, and Harmer, Russ (2021). “Schema inference for property graphs.” In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Extending Database Technology (EDBT 2021), pp. 499–504.

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Manouvrier, Maude and Belhajjame, Khalid (2024). “PG-FD: mapping functional dependencies to the future property graph schema standard.” In: European Conference on Advances in Databases and Information Systems. Springer, pp. 45–59.

Miller, Libby, Seaborne, Andy, and Reggiori, Alberto (2002). “Three implementations of SquishQL, a simple RDF query language.” In: International Semantic Web Conference. Springer, pp. 423–435.

Morra, Olaf H. (2021). A semantics of GQL: a new query language for property graphs formalized. Internship final report. Eindhoven University of Technology. url: https://github.com/OlofMorra/GQL-parser/blob/main/src/main/resources/report/A%20Semantics%20of%20GQL%3B%20a%20New%20Query%20Language%20forProperty%20Graphs%20Formalized.pdf. Implementation repository: https://github.com/OlofMorra/GQL-parser.

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