:root{--ink:#202a36;--muted:#647080;--paper:#fffefb;--ground:#f4f3ef;--line:#dedfdc;--teal:#087c7d;--purple:#663499;--rail:#192735;--rail-text:#d9e2ea;--sidebar:290px;--reading:790px;color-scheme:light}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:90px}body{margin:0;background:var(--ground);color:var(--ink);font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:18px;line-height:1.75}a{color:var(--teal);text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:3px}a:hover{color:var(--purple)}button,input{font:inherit}button{cursor:pointer}button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #28b8ae;outline-offset:4px}img,svg{max-width:100%;height:auto}.skip-link{position:fixed;left:16px;top:-100px;background:white;z-index:100;padding:10px 18px}.skip-link:focus{top:12px}.ui,.sidebar,.topbar,.page-nav,.on-this-page,dialog,.eyebrow,.chapter-number,.book-stats{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",sans-serif}
.sidebar{position:fixed;inset:0 auto 0 0;width:var(--sidebar);padding:30px 21px 24px;background:var(--rail);color:var(--rail-text);overflow-y:auto;z-index:30;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;scrollbar-width:thin;scrollbar-color:#596473 var(--rail)}.brand{display:block;text-decoration:none;color:white!important;padding:0 9px 23px;border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff20}.brand strong{font-size:24px;letter-spacing:-.7px;display:block}.brand small{display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6fd1cd;margin-top:4px}.sidebar nav{margin-top:22px}.sidebar a{color:var(--rail-text);text-decoration:none}.sidebar a:hover{color:white;background:#ffffff0c}.nav-link{display:block;padding:8px 10px;border-radius:5px;margin:2px 0}.nav-link[aria-current=page]{background:#0f8b8433;color:#93e4dd;box-shadow:inset 3px 0 #60cfc7}.nav-part{margin:16px 0}.nav-part summary{font-size:11px;font-weight:650;letter-spacing:.045em;line-height:1.5;text-transform:uppercase;color:#b0bdc9;cursor:pointer;padding:6px 8px}.nav-part .nav-link{display:flex;gap:9px;padding-left:15px}.nav-num{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;min-width:20px;color:#8b9daa}.sidebar-footer{border-top:1px solid #ffffff20;margin-top:24px;padding:17px 9px;color:#97a6b3;font-size:12px}.sidebar-footer a{display:block;margin-top:8px;color:#89d6d0}.topbar{position:sticky;top:0;margin-left:var(--sidebar);background:#fffefbf5;backdrop-filter:blur(12px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;min-height:64px;padding:12px 38px;z-index:20;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);gap:16px}.topbar a{text-decoration:none}.topbar-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px}.plain-button{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;padding:6px 12px;background:transparent;color:var(--ink);font:inherit}.plain-button:hover{background:#edf4f2}.menu-toggle{display:none}.reading-progress{position:fixed;top:0;left:var(--sidebar);right:0;height:3px;background:transparent;z-index:40}.reading-progress span{display:block;height:100%;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#0ba6a6,#8f47de);width:0}.layout{margin-left:var(--sidebar);padding:54px 46px 50px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,var(--reading)) minmax(130px,180px);gap:44px;justify-content:center}.layout.home-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1030px)}main{min-width:0}.eyebrow{font-size:11px;font-weight:650;letter-spacing:.15em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--teal);margin:0 0 13px}.book-content h1,.home-title{font-size:clamp(34px,3.5vw,49px);line-height:1.16;letter-spacing:-1.25px;font-weight:500;color:#202634;margin:0 0 30px}.book-content h2{font-size:29px;line-height:1.35;margin:2.1em 0 .7em;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-.4px;color:#472765}.book-content h3{font-size:23px;line-height:1.45;margin:1.8em 0 .6em;color:#176667}.book-content h4,.book-content h5{font-size:19px;line-height:1.5;margin:1.5em 0 .45em;color:#40304e}.book-content p{margin:.9em 0;text-align:left!important;text-indent:0!important}.book-content ul,.book-content ol{padding-left:1.5em}.book-content li{margin:.35em 0}.book-content hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:2em 0}.chapter-number{display:block;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.13em;font-weight:650;color:var(--purple);margin:0 0 14px}.on-this-page{position:sticky;top:99px;align-self:start;max-height:calc(100vh - 135px);overflow-y:auto;font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:20px}.on-this-page strong{display:block;color:var(--muted);text-transform:uppercase;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.13em;margin-bottom:14px}.on-this-page a{display:block;text-decoration:none;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 11px}.on-this-page a:hover,.on-this-page a.is-active{color:var(--teal)}.page-nav{display:flex;gap:22px;justify-content:space-between;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:60px;padding-top:25px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.5}.page-nav a{display:block;max-width:48%;text-decoration:none}.page-nav a:last-child{text-align:right;margin-left:auto}.page-nav small{display:block;font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.12em;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:5px}.page-footer{font-family:system-ui,sans-serif;color:var(--muted);font-size:11px;margin-top:45px}.hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 230px;gap:55px;align-items:center;padding:0 0 52px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:45px}.hero .home-title{font-size:clamp(44px,5vw,66px);margin-bottom:16px;letter-spacing:-2px}.author{font-size:20px;color:#5f6470;margin:0 0 25px}.book-stats{display:flex;gap:23px;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin:25px 0}.book-stats strong{display:block;font-size:23px;color:var(--ink);font-weight:500;line-height:1.3}.cover-art{display:block;width:230px;box-shadow:8px 13px 30px #13213829;transform:rotate(1deg);border-radius:2px}.primary-link{display:inline-block;padding:11px 21px;background:var(--teal);color:white!important;border-radius:5px;text-decoration:none;font-size:14px}.primary-link:hover{background:#096664}.secondary-link{margin-left:20px;font-size:13px}.contents-heading{font-size:30px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-.6px;margin:0 0 24px}.contents-section{margin:0 0 27px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:20px}.contents-section h3{font-family:system-ui,sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:11px;color:var(--purple);letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 11px}.contents-section ol{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.contents-section a{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:17px;text-decoration:none;padding:7px 0;color:var(--ink);font-size:19px;line-height:1.4}.contents-section a:hover{color:var(--teal)}.contents-section .chapter-index{font:12px system-ui,sans-serif;color:var(--muted);min-width:22px}.contents-section .arrow{margin-left:auto;font-size:18px;color:var(--teal)}.book-content pre,.book-content .lstlisting{overflow-x:auto;background:#f0f3f5;border:1px solid #d9e1e8;border-radius:7px;padding:19px 22px;font:13px/1.75 ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Consolas,"Liberation Mono",monospace;white-space:pre;tab-size:2;max-width:100%;text-indent:0}.book-content code,.book-content .texttt,.book-content [class*=lmtt],.book-content [class*=ectt]{font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Consolas,"Liberation Mono",monospace;font-size:.85em;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.code-wrap{position:relative;margin:1.4em 0}.code-label{font:10px system-ui,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.1em;font-weight:650;color:var(--muted);text-transform:uppercase}.copy-code{position:absolute;top:36px;right:9px;font:11px system-ui,sans-serif;padding:5px 9px;border:1px solid #c8d3db;border-radius:4px;background:#fff;opacity:0}.code-wrap:hover .copy-code,.copy-code:focus-visible{opacity:1}.book-content table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:.88em;line-height:1.6;margin:1.2em 0;table-layout:auto}.book-content th,.book-content td{padding:9px 12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.book-content th{font-family:system-ui,sans-serif;font-size:13px;background:#edf2f3}.table-scroll{overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;margin:1em 0}.book-content figure,.book-content .figure{margin:2em 0;text-align:center}.book-content figcaption,.book-content .caption{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.6;margin:14px 0;text-align:center}.book-content .figure img{display:block;margin:auto;max-width:100%}.book-content .tcolorbox,.book-content .takeaways,.book-content .note-box{padding:20px 26px;margin:2em 0;background:linear-gradient(110deg,#e9f4f1,#f2edf8);border-left:3px solid #51a49e;border-radius:0 7px 7px 0}.book-content .tcolorbox-title{font-family:system-ui,sans-serif;font-size:15px;font-weight:650;color:#4d3261;margin:0 0 10px}.book-content .tcolorbox p:first-child{margin-top:0}.book-content .thebibliography dd{margin:0 0 1.5em;padding-left:1.3em;text-indent:-1.3em;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.book-content .thebibliography dt:empty{height:0;margin:0}.book-content .footnotes,.book-content .footnote-text{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:35px;padding-top:15px;font-size:14px}.book-content sup{line-height:0}.book-content a[id]:empty{scroll-margin-top:95px}.book-content math{font-size:1em}.book-content math[display=block],.book-content .math-display{display:block;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;max-width:100%;padding:14px 0;margin:.7em 0;text-align:center}.book-content .math-display math{display:block}.book-content [class*="cmti-"],.book-content [class*="ecti-"],.book-content [class*="lmri-"]{font-style:italic}.book-content [class*="cmbx-"],.book-content [class*="ecbx-"],.book-content [class*="lmbx-"]{font-weight:bold}.book-content .book-cover{max-width:380px;margin:2em auto}.book-content .index-item{margin:.3em 0}.book-content .index-group{font-size:26px;color:var(--purple);margin-top:1.5em}.book-content :target{scroll-margin-top:95px}.book-content a:target,.book-content dt:target{background:#e2f1ea}.book-content .longtable{min-width:400px}dialog{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:0;max-width:720px;width:calc(100% - 30px);max-height:80vh;color:var(--ink);box-shadow:0 25px 90px #0004;line-height:1.5}dialog::backdrop{background:#12233199;backdrop-filter:blur(3px)}.search-head{padding:20px 23px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.search-head label{display:block;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:10px}.search-row{display:flex;gap:12px}.search-row input{width:100%;min-width:0;border:1px solid #bac9cc;border-radius:5px;padding:10px 13px;font-size:16px}.search-results{padding:10px 23px 20px;overflow-y:auto;max-height:55vh}.search-results a{display:block;padding:13px 0;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.search-results strong{display:block;font-size:14px}.search-results p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);margin:5px 0}.search-status{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin:15px 0}.search-results mark{background:#d8eee4;color:inherit}.mobile-scrim{display:none}noscript p{font:13px system-ui,sans-serif}
@media(min-width:1600px){.layout{padding-top:66px;gap:64px}}
@media(max-width:1250px){.layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,var(--reading));padding:44px 35px}.on-this-page{display:none}.hero{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 190px;gap:30px}.cover-art{width:190px}}
@media(max-width:950px){:root{--sidebar:245px}.sidebar{padding:26px 14px}.layout{padding:36px 27px}.topbar{padding:12px 27px}.hero{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.cover-art{display:none}.hero .home-title{font-size:49px}.book-content h1{font-size:37px}}
@media(max-width:720px){:root{--sidebar:0px}.sidebar{width:290px;transform:translateX(-100%);transition:transform .2s}.sidebar.is-open{transform:translateX(0)}.menu-toggle{display:block}.mobile-scrim.is-open{display:block;position:fixed;inset:0;background:#17233288;z-index:25}.topbar{padding:10px 17px;gap:12px;min-height:60px}.topbar-title{display:none}.topbar-actions{gap:15px}.layout{padding:31px 22px}.hero{padding-bottom:30px;margin-bottom:28px}.hero .home-title{font-size:47px}.author{font-size:18px}.book-stats{gap:27px}.book-content h1{font-size:34px;letter-spacing:-.7px}.book-content h2{font-size:26px}.book-content h3{font-size:22px}body{font-size:17px;line-height:1.75}.book-content pre{font-size:12px;padding:16px}.book-content .tcolorbox{padding:16px 19px}.copy-code{opacity:1}.page-nav{font-size:13px;gap:18px}.secondary-link{margin-left:12px}.contents-section a{font-size:18px}.topbar kbd{display:none}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*::before,*::after{transition:none!important}}
@media print{.sidebar,.topbar,.on-this-page,.page-nav,.reading-progress,.copy-code,.page-footer{display:none!important}.layout{display:block;margin:0;padding:0}body{background:white;color:black;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.5}.book-content a{color:inherit}.book-content pre,.table-scroll{white-space:pre-wrap;overflow:visible}.book-content h1,.book-content h2,.book-content h3{break-after:avoid}.book-content figure,.book-content .tcolorbox{break-inside:avoid}}
.formula-svg{overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;padding:12px 0;text-align:center}.formula-svg img{max-width:none;vertical-align:middle}.figure-zoom{display:block}.book-content pre code{font-size:inherit;white-space:pre;overflow-wrap:normal}
.book-content table.equation-star,.book-content table.equation{margin:0;border:0;background:none}.book-content table.equation-star>tbody>tr>td,.book-content table.equation-star>tr>td,.book-content table.equation>tbody>tr>td{border:0;padding:0}.book-content .table-scroll:has(>table.equation-star){margin:.7em 0}.book-content .paragraphHead{font-weight:700;color:#40304e}.book-content .footnote-mark{font-size:.8em}.book-content .minipage{max-width:100%}
@media(max-width:720px){.sidebar{visibility:hidden}.sidebar.is-open{visibility:visible}}
.book-content h1,.book-content h2,.book-content h3,.book-content h4,.book-content h5{font-style:normal}.book-content .contents-section a{font-style:normal}.book-content .contents-section h3{font:650 11px/1.5 system-ui,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 11px}.book-content .contents-section h3 a{font:inherit;color:var(--purple)}.book-content table.equation-star,.book-content table.equation{font-size:1em}
.book-content div.longtable{min-width:0;max-width:100%}.book-content table.longtable{min-width:400px}.inline-math-scroll{display:inline-grid;vertical-align:middle;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}.inline-math-scroll math{white-space:nowrap}
.citation{margin:0 0 45px}.book-content .citation h2{margin:0 0 .7em}.citation .code-label{text-transform:none}.citation .copy-code{top:-4px;opacity:1}.book-content .citation pre,.book-content .citation pre code{white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.citation pre:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #28b8ae;outline-offset:4px}
.book-content .hero-intro{max-width:38em;margin:18px 0 22px;font-size:clamp(17px,1.5vw,20px);line-height:1.6;color:var(--ink)}
.book-content math[display=block],.book-content .math-display math{display:block math}